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The technique is not new but it has been refined in recent years and is being used increasingly in this country. It has been in routine use in Worcester for over 10 years.

To determine the nature of the lump so that the doctor can decide on the management of the lump and whether a surgical operation is necessary.

The doctor examines the lump with his/her fingertips. Other areas of the body may also be examined in a similar manner. The skin over the lump is cleansed with an alcohol swab. A very small needle is placed into the lump and moved to and fro for about 5 - 10 seconds. It is important that you do not move during the procedure.

Most lumps require two such samples to ensure optimal results. Occasionally, one sample is sufficient.

After the aspiration, you may return to your normal activities. Please continue to take all prescribed medications as the aspiration will not affect them.

The pathologist performing the FNA may ask you some of the following questions:

• Where is the lump?
• When did you first notice the lump?
• Is the lump tender?
• Has the lump changed in any way?
• Have you had an injury, infection or medical treatment in the area of the lump?
• Have you had any other tests done to the lump?
• Do you have other lumps on your body?
• Have you had major illnesses, operations or other medical complaints?
• Are you on any drugs or medication at the moment?

The doctor will examine any medical notes or x-rays that you may have brought along. Then he/she will explain briefly the FNA procedure, and answer your questions.

Please tell the doctor if you are taking any hormonal preparations such as HRT or the pill, if you are or may be pregnant, and if you are taking anticoagulant tablets For example: Warfarin.

This technique is usually not associated with problems as very small needles are used in the procedure.

Slight bruising or tenderness may be experienced at the aspiration site but these should disappear in a few days and usually do not require any special treatment.

Serious complications are exceedingly rare. Should marked discomfort, large swelling, infection or other problems occur please consult your GP immediately.

The pathology department does not give reports directly to the patients. A written report is sent to the doctor requesting the FNA, usually within a few days and the doctor will arrange a follow-up outpatient attendance to discuss the findings.

In the majority of cases the cause of the lump can be identified by FNA. In a small percentage of cases this is not possible. The doctor may recommend a repeat FNA, sampling by surgical biopsy, or by other methods.